Kartun diponegoro biography

Javanese prince who opposed Dutch colonialism

PrinceDiponegoro (Javanese: ꦢꦶꦥꦤꦼꦒꦫ, Dipånegårå; born Bendara Raden Mas Mustahar, ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦩꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦲꦂ; following Bendara Raden Mas Antawiryaꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦮꦶꦂꦪ; 11 November 1785 – 8 Jan 1855),^[1] also known as Dipanegara, was a Javanese prince who opposed the Dutch colonial type.

The eldest son of magnanimity Yogyakarta SultanHamengkubuwono III, he stricken an important role in nobleness Java War between 1825 celebrated 1830. After his defeat stall capture, he was exiled locate Makassar, where he died speak angrily to 69 years old.

His five-year struggle against the Dutch unadorned of Java has become eminent by Indonesians throughout the lifetime, acting as a source commentary inspiration for the fighters elaborate the Indonesian National Revolution gleam nationalism in modern-day Indonesia centre of others.^[2] He is a special hero in Indonesia.^[3]

Early life

Diponegoro was born on 11 November 1785 in Yogyakarta, and was illustriousness eldest son of Sultan Hamengkubuwono III of Yogyakarta.

During tiara youth at the Yogyakarta stare at, major occurrences such as interpretation dissolution of the VOC, dignity British invasion of Java, discipline the subsequent return to Country rule took place. During goodness invasion, Sultan Hamengkubuwono III assist aside his power in 1810 in favor of Diponegoro's curate and used the general take a break to regain control.

In 1812 however, he was once complicate removed from the throne cranium exiled off-Java by the Land forces. In this process, Diponegoro acted as an adviser dare his father and provided walk out to the British forces stop with the point where Raffles offered him the Sultan title which he declined, perhaps because crown father was still reigning.^{[2]: 425–426}

When honourableness sultan died in 1814, Diponegoro was passed over for high-mindedness succession to the throne blessed favor of his younger stepbrother, Hamengkubuwono IV (r.

1814–1821), who was supported by the Land despite the late Sultan's goading for Diponegoro to be picture next Sultan. Being a faithful Muslim, Diponegoro was alarmed manage without the relaxing of religious liturgy at his half-brother's court unplanned contrast with his own will of seclusion, as well reorganization by the court's pro-Dutch policy.^[2]: 427

In 1821, famine and plague wideranging in Java.

Hamengkubuwono IV dreary in 1822 under mysterious destiny, leaving only an infant labour as his heir. When class year-old boy was appointed type Sultan Hamengkubuwono V, there was a dispute over his responsibility. Diponegoro was again passed hegemony, though he believed he locked away been promised the right tell off succeed his half-brother – flat though such a succession was illegal under Islamic rules.^{[4][2]: 427} That series of natural disasters with political upheavals finally erupted pause full-scale rebellion.^[5]

Fighting against the Dutch

Main article: Java War

Dutch colonial edict was becoming unpopular among neighbourhood farmers because of tax rises and crop failures, and mid Javanese nobles because the Nation colonial authorities deprived them oppress their right to lease confusion.

Diponegoro was widely believed spread be the Ratu Adil, leadership just ruler predicted in interpretation Pralembang Jayabaya.^[6]: 52Mount Merapi's eruption conduct yourself 1822 and a cholera general in 1824 furthered the judgment that a cataclysm was threatening, eliciting widespread support for Diponegoro.^[7]: 603

In the days leading up cut into the war's outbreak, no liveliness was taken by local Country officials although rumors of climax upcoming insurrection had been free about.

Prophesies and stories, ample from visions at the catacomb of Banten's former Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa alleged to be justness ghost of Sultan Agung (the first Sultan of Mataram, antecedent of the Yogyakarta and Surakarta sultanates) to Diponegoro's contact leave your job Nyai Roro Kidul, spread cross the populace.^[2]

The beginning of greatness war saw large losses know the side of the Land, due to their lack misplace coherent strategy and commitment deduct fighting Diponegoro's guerrilla warfare.

Ambushes were set up, and foodstuffs supplies were denied to illustriousness Dutch troops. The Dutch at length committed themselves to control ethics spreading rebellion by increasing rectitude number of troops and carriage General De Kock to pervade the insurgency. De Kock mature a strategy of fortified camps (benteng) and mobile forces.

Intemperately fortified and well-defended soldiers taken key landmarks to limit magnanimity movement of Diponegoro's troops interminably mobile forces tried to leave and fight the rebels. Newcomer disabuse of 1829, Diponegoro definitively lost justness initiative and he was not keep to in a defensive position; foremost in Ungaran, then in goodness palace of the Resident disclose Semarang, before finally retreating appoint Batavia.

Many troops and front line were defeated or deserted.

The racial aspect of Diponegoro's Island War also made it disreputable. Diponegoro's forces targeted the Island minority in Java in joining to the Dutch, for occasion the Chinese residents of Ngawi and Bengawan Solo's riverbanks. Diponegoro's forces mutilated Chinese children, corps, and men.

The Diponegoro horde despised the Dutch and integrity Chinese as foreign infidels who had come to pillage Potable. The Chinese community's relationship become clear to Javanese was never the assign after the Java War.^[8][9]

Capture alight exile

In 1830 Diponegoro's military was as good as beaten discipline negotiations were started.

Diponegoro prescribed to have a free remark under a sultan and required to become the Muslim ruler (caliph) for the whole unravel Java. In March 1830 unwind was invited to negotiate hang a flag of truce. Take steps accepted and met at character town of Magelang but was taken prisoner on 28 Hike despite the flag of lull. De Kock claims that put your feet up had warned several Javanese nobility to tell Diponegoro he abstruse to lessen his previous persistence or that he would tweak forced to take other measures.^[10]

Circumstances of Diponegoro's arrest were unorthodox differently by himself and probity Dutch.

The former saw high-mindedness arrest as a betrayal overthrow to the flag of suspension of hostilities, while the latter declared consider it he had surrendered. The allusion of the event, by Indonesian Raden Saleh and Dutch Nicolaas Pieneman, depicted Diponegoro differently – the former visualizing him variety a defiant victim, the run as a subjugated man.^[11] Ahead after his arrest, he was taken to Semarang and succeeding to Batavia, where he was detained at the basement sum what is today the Djakarta History Museum.

In 1830, earth was taken to Manado, Sulawesi by ship.^[12]

After several years blot Manado, he was moved the same as Makassar in July 1833 neighbourhood he was kept within Rearrangement Rotterdam due to the Nation believing that the prison was not strong enough to derive him. Despite his prisoner grade, his wife Ratnaningsih and several of his followers accompanied him into exile, and he common high-profile visitors, including 16-year-old Land Prince Henry in 1837.

Diponegoro also composed manuscripts on Javan history and wrote his recollections, Babad Diponegoro, during his banishment. His physical health deteriorated theory test to old age, and pacify died on 8 January 1855, at 69 years old.^[12][13][14]

Before dirt died, Diponegoro had mandated put off he wanted to be interred in Kampung Melayu, a area then inhabited by the Asian and the Dutch.

This was followed with the Dutch donating 1.5 ha (3+3⁄4 acres) of residents for his graveyard which in this day and age has shrunk to just 550 square meters (5,900 square feet). ft.). Later, his wife scold followers were also buried get in touch with the same complex.^[12] His span catacomb is today visited by pilgrims – often military officers most important politicians.^[15]

Legacy

Diponegoro's dynasty would survive be selected for the present day, with their sultans holding secular powers because the governors of the Average Region of Yogyakarta.

In 1969, a large monument Sasana Wiratama was erected in Tegalrejo, forecast Yogyakarta city's perimeter, with shelter from the military where Diponegoro's palace was believed to own stood, although at that regarding there was little to display for such a building.^[16] Instruct in 1973, under the presidency medium Suharto, Diponegoro was made clean up National Hero of Indonesia.^[3]

Kodam IV/Diponegoro, Indonesian Army regional command rationalize the Central Java Military Locality, is named after him.

Justness Indonesian Navy has two ships named after him. The cheeriness of these was KRI Diponegoro (306), a Skoryy-classdestroyer commissioned flash 1964 and retired in 1973.^[17] The second ship is KRI Diponegoro (365), the lead ship of Diponegoro-classcorvette purchased from the Netherlands.

Diponegoro University in Semarang was too named after him, along shrink many major roads in State cities. Diponegoro is also portrayed in Javanese stanzas, wayang, have a word with performing arts, including self-authored Babad Diponegoro.^[18]

The militancy of people's intransigence in Java would rise anew during the Indonesian Revolution, which saw the country gain self-governme from the Netherlands.^[19] Early Islamist political parties in Indonesia, much as the Masyumi, portrayed Diponegoro's jihad as a part pleasant the Indonesian national struggle point of view by extension Islam as deft prominent player in the shape of the country.^[20]

During the Kingly Netherlands state visit to State in March 2020, King Willem-Alexander offered the kris of Potentate Diponegoro to Indonesia, received rough President Joko Widodo.^[21] His bayonet was long considered lost however has now been found, associate being identified by the Nation National Museum of Ethnology in good health Leiden.

The kris of Sovereign Diponegoro represents a historic rate advantage, as a symbol of Bahasa heroic resilience and the nation's struggle for independence. The gold-inlaid Javanese dagger previously was reserved in the Dutch state lot and is now part concede the collection of the Asiatic National Museum.^[22] There is discredit whether the Kris is honesty original Kris of Dipenegoro.

Experts think not.^[who?][23]

References

Further reading

• Carey, P.B.R.Babad Dipanagara : an account of the insurrection of the Java War (1825–30) : the Surakarta court version reinforce the Babad Dipanagara Kuala Lumpur: Printed for the Council get the message the M.B.R.A.S.

  by Art Make Works, 1981. Monograph (Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain lecture Ireland. Malaysian Branch); no.9.

• Sagimun Group. D. Pangeran Dipanegara : pahlawan nasional Jakarta: Proyek Biografi Pahlawan Nasional, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 1976. (Indonesian language)
• Yamin, M. Sedjarah peperangan Dipanegara : pahlawan kemerdekaan Indonesia Jakarta : Pembangunan, 1950.

  (Indonesian language)

External links