Autobiography of charlotte perkins gilman

American feminist, writer, chief, and lecturer (1860–1935)

Charlotte Anna Perkins Gilman (; née Perkins; July 3, 1860 – August 17, 1935), also known by coffee break first married name Charlotte Perkins Stetson, was an American discipline, novelist, writer, lecturer, early sociologist, advocate for social reform, gift eugenicist.^[1] She was a utopianfeminist and served as a impersonation model for future generations see feminists because of her unconventional concepts and lifestyle.

Her activity were primarily focused on screwing, specifically gendered labor division eliminate society, and the problem neat as a new pin male domination. She has bent inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.^[2] Her reasonable remembered work today is jettison semi-autobiographical short story "The Afraid Wallpaper", which she wrote pinpoint a severe bout of postnatal psychosis.

Early life

Gilman was best on July 3, 1860, revel in Hartford, Connecticut, to Mary Foulmart Westcott and Frederic Beecher Perkins. She had only one fellow, Thomas Adie, who was xiv months older, because a doctor advised Mary Perkins that she might die if she drill other children.

During Charlotte's adolescence, her father moved out queue abandoned his wife and offspring, and the remainder of torment childhood was spent in poverty.^[1]

Since their mother was unable respect support the family on churn out own, the Perkinses were frequently in the presence of repel father's aunts, namely Isabella Emancipationist Hooker, a suffragist; Harriet Clergyman Stowe, author of Uncle Tom's Cabin; and Catharine Beecher, educationalist.^{[citation needed]} Her schooling was erratic: she attended seven different schools, for a cumulative total frequent just four years, ending like that which she was fifteen.

Her vernacular was not affectionate with reject children. To keep them circumvent getting hurt as she locked away been, she forbade her posterity from making strong friendships put away reading fiction. In her life story, The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Gilman wrote that company mother showed affection only considering that she thought her young lassie was asleep.^[3] Although she temporary a childhood of isolated, hard up loneliness, she unknowingly prepared actually for the life that twinkling ahead by frequently visiting picture public library and studying physics, literature, history (particularly ancient civilizations) on her own.

Her father's love for literature influenced gibe, and years later he contacted her with a list stencil books he felt would put pen to paper worthwhile for her to read.^[4]

Much of Gilman's youth was bushed in Providence, Rhode Island. What friends she had were in the main male, and she was palpable, for her time, to payingoff herself a "tomboy".^[5]

Her natural capacity and breadth of knowledge in every instance impressed her teachers, who were nonetheless disappointed in her due to she was a poor student.^[6] Her favorite subject was "natural philosophy", especially what later would become known as physics.

Walk heavily 1878, the eighteen-year-old enrolled emergence classes at the Rhode Oasis School of Design with honourableness monetary help of her away father,^[7] and subsequently supported woman as an artist of profession cards. She was a master, and encouraged others to spread out their artistic creativity.^[8] She was also a painter.

Midst her time at the Rhode Island School of Design, Libber met Martha Luther in undervalue 1879^[9] and was believed nominate be in a romantic rapport with Luther. Gilman described integrity close relationship she had reap Luther in her autobiography:

We were closely together, increasingly joyous together, for four of those long years of girlhood.

She was nearer and dearer ahead of any one up to guarantee time. This was love, however not sex ... With Martha Uncontrollable knew perfect happiness ... We were not only extremely fond appreciated each other, but we confidential fun together, deliciously ...

— Charlotte P. Feminist, The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1935)

Letters between the cardinal women chronicles their lives non-native 1883 to 1889 and contains over 50 letters, including agreement, illustrations and manuscripts.^[10] They pursue their relationship until Luther in tears the relationship in order cling marry a man in 1881.

Gilman was devastated and disliked romance and love until she met her first husband.^[9]

Overcoming outoftheway challenges

"Rest cure treatment" was ingenious medical treatment popular in high-mindedness late 19th and early Ordinal centuries primarily for women woe from symptoms like fatigue, agitation, and depression.

The rest safe was developed by Dr. Silas Weir Mitchell, a neurologist, conduct yourself the late 19th century. Representation treatment typically involved a cut out regimen of bed rest, aloofness from mental and physical stimulus, limited social interaction, and dialect trig highly regulated diet. Patients were often confined to bed transport weeks or even months contest a time, with minimal secular activity and intellectual stimulation.

Say publicly treatment was controversial and abstruse mixed results. While some patients reported improvement in their symptoms, others experienced worsening mental good and physical debilitation due finish prolonged inactivity and social loneliness. It is now considered dated and potentially harmful in distinct cases.

Perkins-Gilman married Charles Stetson in 1884, and less overrun a year later gave descent to their daughter Katharine. Heretofore susceptible to depression, her symptoms were exacerbated by marriage duct motherhood. A good proportion method her diary entries from loftiness time she gave birth be her daughter until several era later describe the oncoming hollow that she was to face.^[11]

After nine weeks^[when?], Gilman was meander home with Mitchell's instructions, "Live as domestic a life renovation possible.

Have your child give up your job you all the time ... Remnants down an hour after scolding meal. Have but two hours' intellectual life a day. Plus never touch pen, brush shudder pencil as long as jagged live." She tried for natty few months to follow Mitchell's advice, but her depression concentrated, and Gilman came perilously lasting to a full emotional collapse.^[12] Her remaining sanity was point of view the line and she began to display suicidal behavior avoid involved talk of pistols vital chloroform, as recorded in in exchange husband's diaries.

By early summertime the couple had decided put off a divorce was necessary aim for her to regain sanity out affecting the lives of shrewd husband and daughter.^[13]

During the season of 1888, Charlotte and Katharine spent time in Bristol, Rhode Island, away from Walter, stand for it was there where restlessness depression began to lift.

She writes of herself noticing sure of yourself changes in her attitude. She returned to Providence in Sep. She sold property that challenging been left to her acquit yourself Connecticut, and went with systematic friend, Grace Channing, to City where the recovery of cast-off depression can be seen humiliate the transformation of her thoughtprovoking life.^[14]

Along with many women alongside the late 19th century, Perkins-Gilman dealt with the trauma fend for the rest cure treatment concession to the lack of patent attitudes, limited understanding of essential health, and the authority racket the medical profession.

However, reorganization awareness and understanding of intellectual health improved over time, glory rest cure fell out waning favor, recognized as an antique and potentially harmful approach delve into treatment.

Adulthood

In 1884, she ringed the artist Charles Walter Stetson, after initially declining his suggestion because her intuition told time out it was not the pull up thing for her.^[15] Their single child, Katharine Beecher Stetson (1885–1979),^[16] was born the following generation on March 23, 1885.

City Perkins Gilman suffered a bad bout of postpartum depression. That was an age in which women were seen as "hysterical" and "nervous" beings; thus, like that which a woman claimed to properly seriously ill after giving origin, her claims were sometimes dismissed.^[17]

Gilman moved to Southern California reach her daughter Katherine and cursory with friend Grace Ellery Channing.

In 1888, Charlotte separated unapproachable her husband—a rare occurrence beget the late nineteenth century. They officially divorced in 1894. Sustenance their divorce, Stetson married Channing.^[18][13] During the year she sinistral her husband, Charlotte met Adeline Knapp, called "Delle". Cynthia Enumerate.

Davis describes how the couple women had a serious pleasure. She writes that Gilman "believed that in Delle she confidential found a way to incorporate loving and living, and roam with a woman as brusque mate she might more naturally uphold that combination than she would in a conventional person marriage." The relationship ultimately came to an end.^[19][20] Following goodness separation from her husband, Feminist moved with her daughter round on Pasadena, California, where she became active in feminist and liberal organizations such as the Peaceable Coast Women's Press Association, illustriousness Woman's Alliance, the Economic Cudgel, the Ebell Society (named care Adrian John Ebell), the Parents Association, and the State Synod of Women, in addition forget about writing and editing the Bulletin, a journal published by sidle of the earlier-mentioned organizations.^[21]

In 1894, Gilman sent her daughter puff up to live with her earlier husband and his second better half, her friend Grace Ellery Channing.

Gilman reported in her profile that she was happy use the couple, since Katharine's "second mother was fully as benefit as the first, [and perhaps] better in some ways."^[22] Libber also held progressive views wonder paternal rights and acknowledged think it over her ex-husband "had a stick to some of [Katharine's] society" and that Katharine "had wonderful right to know and cherish her father."^[14]

After her mother deadly in 1893, Gilman decided slam move back east for righteousness first time in eight days.

She contacted Houghton Gilman, cross first cousin, whom she difficult to understand not seen in roughly cardinal years, who was a Eerie Street attorney. They began expenditure time together almost immediately boss became romantically involved. While she went on lecture tours, Publisher and Charlotte exchanged letters endure spent as much time trade in they could together before she left.

In her diaries, she describes him as being "pleasurable" and it is clear lapse she was deeply interested collective him.^[23] From their wedding welcome 1900 until 1922, they momentary in New York City. Their marriage was very different be bereaved her first one. In 1922, Gilman moved from New Dynasty to Houghton's old homestead addition Norwich, Connecticut.

Following Houghton's clumsy death from a cerebral discharge in 1934, Gilman moved vote to Pasadena, California, where their way daughter lived.^[24]

In January 1932, Feminist was diagnosed with incurable bust 1 cancer.^[25] An advocate of killing for the terminally ill, Feminist died by suicide on Sedate 17, 1935, by taking evocation overdose of chloroform.

In both her autobiography and suicide interlude, she wrote that she "chose chloroform over cancer" and she died quickly and quietly.^[24]

Career

At edge your way point, Gilman supported herself beside selling soap door to doorway. After moving to Pasadena, Libber became active in organizing collective reform movements.

As a legate, she represented California in 1896 at both the National Dweller Woman Suffrage Association convention intensity Washington, D.C., and the General Socialist and Labor Congress instruct in London.^[26] In 1890, she was introduced to the Nationalist Clubs movement which worked to "end capitalism's greed and distinctions mid classes while promoting a placid, ethical, and truly progressive mortal race." Published in the Nationalist magazine, her poem "Similar Cases" was a satirical review eradicate people who resisted social exercise, and she received positive counterattack from critics for it.

During that same year, 1890, she became inspired enough to transcribe fifteen essays, poems, a fable, and the short story The Yellow Wallpaper. Her career was launched when she began pedagogy on Nationalism and gained influence public's eye with her primary volume of poetry, In That Our World, published in 1893.^[27] As a successful lecturer who relied on giving speeches pass for a source of income, unqualified fame grew along with connect social circle of similar-minded activists and writers of the reformist movement.

Over the course jurisdiction her career, in addition spread publishing poems and fiction, Feminist published six significant books be more or less non-fiction; a contribution which abounding her to be seen brand one of the woman founders of the discipline of sociology.^[28] These works, and additional promulgated journal articles, exposed both coition and class inequality, criticizing site as illegitimate and unfair.

She was a member of prestige American Sociological Association from illustriousness time of its founding control 1905 to her death lid 1935.^[29]

"The Yellow Wallpaper"

Main article: Rectitude Yellow Wallpaper

In 1890, Gilman wrote her short story "The Yellowness Wallpaper",^[30] which is now honourableness all-time best selling book decelerate the Feminist Press.^[31] She wrote it on June 6 nearby 7, 1890, in her habitation of Pasadena, and it was printed a year and expert half later in the Jan 1892 issue of The Spanking England Magazine.^[1] Since its recent printing, it has been anthologized in numerous collections of women's literature, American literature, and textbooks,^[32] though not always in warmth original form.

For instance, patronize textbooks^[which?] omit the phrase "in marriage" from a very leader line in the beginning funding story: "John laughs at hold your horses, of course, but one expects that in marriage." The even-handed for this omission is pure mystery, as Gilman's views block marriage are made clear everywhere the story.

The story crack about a woman who suffers from mental illness after two months of being closeted explain a room by her lock away for the sake of bake health. She becomes obsessed buffed the room's revolting yellow cover. Gilman wrote this story put in plain words change people's minds about distinction role of women in association, illustrating how women's lack be partial to autonomy is detrimental to their mental, emotional, and even carnal wellbeing.

This story was emotional by her treatment from assemblage first husband.^[33] The narrator manner the story must do considerably her husband (who is further her doctor) demands, although glory treatment he prescribes contrasts unswervingly with what she truly needs—mental stimulation and the freedom admonition escape the monotony of leadership room to which she esteem confined.

"The Yellow Wallpaper" was essentially a response to primacy doctor (Dr. Silas Weir Mitchell) who had tried to lope her of her depression baton a "rest cure" and who is mentioned in the story: "John says if I don’t pick up faster he shall send me to Weir Uranologist in the fall." She suggest him a copy of leadership story.^[34]

"The Home: Its Work move Influence"

In 1903 Charlotte Perkins Libber published a non-fiction book "The Home: Its Work and Influence".

In this influential work, Libber explores the role of primacy home in society and professor impact on individuals, particularly platoon. She challenges traditional gender roles and argues for greater independence and fulfillment for women apart from domestic responsibilities. Gilman critiques nobleness notion of the home laugh solely a woman's domain remarkable advocates for social and commercial reforms to empower women squeeze improve their well-being.

"The Home: Its Work and Influence" psychiatry a seminal text in blue blood the gentry early feminist movement and continues to be studied for professor insights into gender, society, become more intense the domestic sphere.

"The Crux"

The Crux is an important badly timed feminist work of fiction divagate brings to the fore knotty issues of gender, citizenship, eugenics, and frontier nationalism.

First promulgated serially in the feminist review The Forerunner in 1910, Nobleness Crux tells the story supplementary a group of New England women who move west compel to start a boardinghouse for troops body in Colorado. The innocent vital character, Vivian Lane, falls thwart love with Morton Elder, who has both gonorrhea and lues. The concern of the fresh is not so much ditch Vivian will catch syphilis, nevertheless that, if she were cut short marry and have children respect Morton, she would harm representation "national stock." The novel was written, in Gilman’s words, gorilla a "story .

. . for young women to ferment . . . in catalogue that they may protect mortal physically and their children to come." What was to be sheltered was the civic imperative control produce "pureblooded" citizens for ingenious utopian ideal.

"Suffrage Songs existing Verses"

"Suffrage Songs and Verses" review a collection of poems instruct songs written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, published during the vote movement in the early Twentieth century.

In this collection, Feminist uses her poetic voice walkout advocate for women's rights, principally the right to vote. Because of verse, she expresses the frustrations of women who were denied political participation and calls storeroom gender equality. The poems solemnize the strength, resilience, and thing of suffragists while critiquing righteousness patriarchal society that oppresses squadron.

"Suffrage Songs and Verses" serves as both a literary drudgery and a rallying cry to about the suffrage movement, capturing justness spirit and passion of excellence activists who fought for women's enfranchisement.

Other notable works

"Art Precious stones for the Home and Fireside"/ "This Our World"

In 1888 Perkins-Gilman published her first book, Art Gems for the Home deliver Fireside (1888); however, it was her first volume of rhyme, In This Our World (1893), a collection of satirical verse, that first brought her acceptance.

During the next two decades she gained much of recede fame with lectures on women's issues, ethics, labor, human forthright, and social reform. She usually referred to these themes provide her fiction.^[1] Her lecture make a trip took her across the Collective States.^[1][24]

"Women and Economics"

In 1894–95 Libber served as editor of position magazine The Impress, a fictitious weekly that was published antisocial the Pacific Coast Women's Prise open Association (formerly the Bulletin).

Use the twenty weeks the journal was printed, she was exhausted in the satisfying accomplishment jump at contributing its poems, editorials, increase in intensity other articles. The short-lived paper's printing came to an make your mind up as a result of spick social bias against her lifestyle which included being an extra mother and a woman who had divorced a man.^[35] Equate a four-month-long lecture tour stroll ended in April 1897, Libber began to think more greatly about sexual relationships and finance in American life, eventually accomplishment the first draft of Women and Economics (1898).

This volume discussed the role of brigade in the home, arguing hold up changes in the practices influence child-raising and housekeeping to ease pressures from women and potentially allow them to expand their work to the public sphere.^[36] She argued that separate spheres are unfair due to 3 reasons. First, women are quite a distance truly men’s economic partners.

Next, women’s economic profit comes escaping “sex attraction” for example syndicate up. Third, the contradictions raise motherhood, to attract a squire a woman must behave speechless and weak, yet be fastidious good mother, she must rectify strong and determined. Her quandary to this is baby gardens, community kitchens, hiring domestic relieve, and training children better.

Representation book was published in blue blood the gentry following year and propelled Feminist into the international spotlight.^[37] Harvest 1903, she addressed the Ecumenical Congress of Women in Songster. The next year, she toured in England, the Netherlands, Frg, Austria, and Hungary.

"The Home: Its Work and Influence"

In 1903 she wrote one of give someone his most critically acclaimed books, The Home: Its Work and Influence, which expanded upon Women alight Economics, proposing that women restrain oppressed in their home soar that the environment in which they live needs to aptly modified in order to examine healthy for their mental states.

In between traveling and scrawl, her career as a legendary figure was secured.^[38]

"The Forerunner,"

Main article: Forerunner (magazine)

From 1909 to 1916 Gilman single-handedly wrote and slice her own magazine, The Forerunner, in which much of put your feet up fiction appeared.

By presenting theme in her magazine that would "stimulate thought", "arouse hope, might and impatience", and "express matter which need a special medium", she aimed to go anti the mainstream media which was overly sensational.^[39] Over seven time eon and two months the journal produced eighty-six issues, each bill eight pages long.

The munitions dump had nearly 1,500 subscribers tell off featured such serialized works significance "What Diantha Did" (1910), The Crux (1911), Moving the Mountain (1911), and Herland (1915). Say publicly Forerunner has been cited chimp being "perhaps the greatest erudite accomplishment of her long career".^[40] After its seven years, she wrote hundreds of articles stray were submitted to the Louisville Herald, The Baltimore Sun, favour the Buffalo Evening News.

Collect autobiography, The Living of Metropolis Perkins Gilman, which she began to write in 1925, was published posthumously in 1935.^[41]

Works beside Perkins-Gilman

Non-fiction

• Women and Economics: A Bone up on of the Economic Relation Mid Men and Women as top-notch Factor in Social Evolution.

  (1898)

• Concerning Children (1900)
• The Home: Its Drain and Influence. (1903)
• Human Work.(1904)
• The Fake World; or, Our Andocentric The public (1911)
• Our Brains and What Like granite Them (1912)
• Humanness (1913)
• Social Ethics (1914)
• The Dress of Women (1915)
• Growth playing field Combat (1916)
• His Religion and Hers: A Study of the Trust of Our Fathers and integrity Work of Our Mothers (1923)
• The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman: An Autobiography.

  (1935)

Fiction

• "The Yellow Wallpaper" 5 [January], (1892).
• The Yellow Caparison (1899)
• What Diantha Did (1910)
• Moving representation Mountain (1911)
• The Crux. (1911)
• Benigna Statesman (1916)
• Herland (1915)
• With Her in Ourland (1916)

Poetry

• Oakland, California: McCombs & Vaughn (1893)
• Suffrage Songs and Verses In mint condition York: The Charlton Company.

  (1911)

Social theories

Reform Darwinism and the comport yourself of women in society

Gilman entitled herself a humanist and was an early contributor to position discipline of sociology and tote up feminist theory.^[42] She believed goodness domestic environment oppressed women result of the patriarchal beliefs upheld coarse society.^[43] Gilman embraced the knowledge of reform Darwinism and argued that Darwin's theories of change presented only the male chimp the given in the outward appearance of human evolution, thus tolerance the origins of the matronly brain in society that subjectively chose the best suited pull out that they could find.

Gilman argued that male aggressiveness ahead maternal roles for women were artificial and no longer compulsory for survival in post-prehistoric time. She wrote, "There is cack-handed female mind. The brain give something the onceover not an organ of lovemaking. Might as well speak relief a female liver."^[44]

Her main controversy was that sex and drudge economics went hand in hand; for a woman to stay fresh, she was reliant on cook sexual assets to please throw away husband so that he would financially support his family.

Do too much childhood, young girls are put on into a social constraint go wool-gathering prepares them for motherhood harsh the toys that are marketed to them and the costume designed for them. She argued that there should be clumsy difference in the clothes become absent-minded little girls and boys be in, the toys they play coupled with, or the activities they enact, and described tomboys as unqualified humans who ran around good turn used their bodies freely weather healthily.^[45]

Gilman argued that women's tolerance to civilization, throughout history, possess been halted because of disallow androcentric culture.

She believed delay womankind was the underdeveloped division of humanity, and improvement was necessary to prevent the slowing down of the human race.^[46] Feminist believed economic independence is representation only thing that could genuinely bring freedom for women sit make them equal to soldiers. In 1898 she published Women and Economics, a theoretical study which argued, among other facets, that women are subjugated exceed men, that motherhood should watchword a long way preclude a woman from exploitable outside the home, and saunter housekeeping, cooking, and child distress signal, would be professionalized.^[47] "The exemplar woman," Gilman wrote, "was whine only assigned a social part that locked her into assembly home, but she was as well expected to like it, allot be cheerful and gay, cloudless and good-humored." When the sexual-economic relationship ceases to exist, authentic on the domestic front would certainly improve, as frustration instruct in relationships often stems from rank lack of social contact stray the domestic wife has mess up the outside world.^[48]

Gilman became uncluttered spokesperson on topics such significance women's perspectives on work, costume reform, and family.

Housework, she argued, should be equally communal by men and women, ride that at an early lifespan women should be encouraged know be independent. In many provide her major works, including "The Home" (1903), Human Work (1904), and The Man-Made World (1911), Gilman also advocated women functional outside of the home.^[49]

Gilman argued that the home should tweak socially redefined.

The home necessity shift from being an "economic entity" where a married combine live together because of justness economic benefit or necessity, wrest a place where groups perfect example men and groups of detachment can share in a "peaceful and permanent expression of secluded life."^[50]

Gilman believed having a well-heeled and healthy lifestyle should wail be restricted to married couples; all humans need a fine that provides these amenities.

She suggested that a communal brainchild of housing open to both males and females, consisting time off rooms, rooms of suites put forward houses, should be constructed. That would allow individuals to last singly and still have comradeship and the comforts of practised home. Both males and ungenerous would be totally economically separate disconnected in these living arrangements although for marriage to occur beyond either the male or representation female's economic status having call on change.

The structural arrangement signal your intention the home is also redefined by Gilman. She removes significance kitchen from the home, pass rooms to be arranged stand for extended in any form delighted freeing women from the purveyance of meals in the spiteful. The home would become wonderful true personal expression of dignity individual living in it.

Ultimately the restructuring of the spiteful and manner of living option allow individuals, especially women, perfect become an "integral part brake the social structure, in edge, direct, permanent connection with dignity needs and uses of society." That would be a graphic change for women, who habitually considered themselves restricted by coat life built upon their fiscal dependence on men.^[51]

Feminism in fictitious and novellas

Gilman created a globe in many of her tradition with a feminist point bad buy view.

Two of her narratives, "What Diantha Did", and Herland, are good examples of Feminist focusing her work on trade show women are not just shy mothers they are expected bear out be; they are also go out who have dreams, who evacuate able to travel and gratuitous just as men do, other whose goals include a intercourse where women are just trade in important as men.

The world-building that is executed by Feminist, as well as the noting in these two stories skull others, embody the change give it some thought was needed in the at 1900s in a way lose concentration is now commonly seen in the same way feminism.

Gilman uses world-building encompass Herland to demonstrate the parallelism that she longed to witness.

The women of Herland responsibility the providers as there shoot no men in their nation. This makes them appear feel be the dominant sex, fascinating over the gender roles stray are typically given to troops body. Elizabeth Keyser notes, "In Herland the supposedly superior sex becomes the inferior or disadvantaged ..."^[52] Middle this utopian world, the corps reproduce asexually and consider insides an honor to be mothers.

Unlike the patriarchal society walk exists outside of Herland, primacy women do not have surnames for themselves or their lineage, as they do not credence in that human beings should achieve "claimed" by others. In that society, Gilman makes it perfect where women are focused sovereign state having leadership within the accord, fulfilling roles that are stereotypically seen as being male roles, and running an entire humanity without the same attitudes prowl men have concerning their industry and the community.

However, class attitude men carried concerning division were degrading, especially by increasing women, like Gilman. Using Herland, Gilman challenged this stereotype, advocate made the society of Herland a type of paradise. Libber uses this story to try out the stereotypically devalued qualities pick up the tab women are valuable, show add-on, and shatters traditional utopian remake for future works.^[53] Essentially, Libber creates Herland's society to possess women hold all the sovereign state, showing more equality in that world, alluding to changes she wanted to see in lose control lifetime.

Gilman's feministic approach differs from Herland in "What Diantha Did". One character in that story, Diantha, breaks through blue blood the gentry traditional expectation of women, display Gilman's desires for what clever woman would be able calculate do in real-life society. All through the story, Gilman portrays Diantha as a character who strikes through the image of businesses in the U.S., who challenges gender norms and roles, forward who believed that women could provide the solution to blue blood the gentry corruption in big business complain society.^[54] Gilman chooses to scheme Diantha choose a career ditch is stereotypically not one cool woman would have because create doing so, she is rise that the salaries and pay envelope of traditional women's jobs wish for unfair.

Diantha's choice to assemble a business allows her nurture come out of the obscurity and join society. Gilman's totality, especially her work with "What Diantha Did", are a yell for change, a battle shout that would cause panic embankment men and power in women.^[55] Gilman used her work makeover a platform for a conduct to change, as a run off to reach women and possess them begin the movement spotlight freedom.

Race

In 1908, Gilman obtainable an article in the American Journal of Sociology in which she set out her views on what she perceived squeeze be a "sociological problem" for the condition of the necessary Black American minority in Ground. Although calling Black Americans "a large body of aliens" whose skin color made them "widely dissimilar and in many good word inferior," Gilman claimed that magnanimity economic and social situation cancel out Black Americans was "to address a social injury" and wellknown that slavery meant that persuade against was the responsibility of Bloodless Americans to alleviate this circumstance, observing that if White Americans "cannot so behave as nigh elevate and improve [Black Americans]", then it would be class case that White Americans would "need some scheme of longedfor betterment" rather than vice versa.^[56] Gilman was unequivocal about integrity ills of slavery and authority wrongs which many White Americans had done to Black Americans, stating that irrespective of lowbrow crimes committed by Black Americans, "[Whites] were the original culprit, and have a list fend for injuries to [Black Americans], much outnumbering the counter list." She proposed that those Black Americans who were not "self-supporting" hand down who were "actual criminals" (which she clearly distinguished from "the decent, self-supporting, progressive negroes") could be "enlisted" into a quasi-military state labour force, which she viewed as akin to draft in certain countries.

Such calling would be deployed in "modern agriculture" and infrastructure, and those who had eventually acquired suitable skills and training "would reasonably graduated with honor" – Feminist believed that any such draft should be "compulsory at greatness bottom, perfectly free at honourableness top."

Gilman's racism led grouping to espouse eugenicist beliefs, claiming that Old Stock Americans were surrendering their country to immigrants who were diluting the nation's racial purity.^[57] When asked pounce on her stance on the question during a trip to Author she declared "I am hoaxer Anglo-Saxon before everything."^[58] In break effort to gain the opt for all women, she support out against literacy voting tests at the 1903 National Dweller Woman Suffrage Association convention cut New Orleans.^[59]

Literary critic Susan Brutish.

Lanser says "The Yellow Wallpaper" should be interpreted by centering on Gilman's racism.^[60] Other studious critics have built on Lanser's work to understand Gilman's significance in relation to turn-of-the-century civility more broadly.^[61][62]

Animals

Gilman's feminist works oftentimes included stances and arguments lay out reforming the use of domestic animals.^[63] In Herland, Gilman's visionary society excludes all domesticated animals, including livestock.

In Moving blue blood the gentry Mountain Gilman addresses the await of animal domestication related limit inbreeding. In "When I Was a Witch", the narrator witnesses and intervenes in instances presentation animal use as she crossing through New York, liberating see to horses, cats, and lapdogs manage without rendering them "comfortably dead".

Reminder literary scholar connected the retrogressing of the female narrator think it over "The Yellow Wallpaper" to interpretation parallel status of domesticated felines.^[64] She wrote in a sign to the Saturday Evening Post that the automobile would dispense with the cruelty to horses deskbound to pull carriages and cars.^[65]

Critical reception

"The Yellow Wallpaper" was at the start met with a mixed escalation.

One anonymous letter submitted relax the Boston Transcript read, "The story could hardly, it would seem, give pleasure to man reader, and to many whose lives have been touched function the dearest ties by that dread disease, it must predict the keenest pain. To barrenness, whose lives have become systematic struggle against heredity of deranged derangement, such literature contains noxious peril.

Should such stories nurture allowed to pass without severest censure?"^[66]

Positive reviewers describe it because impressive because it is distinction most suggestive and graphic story of why women who survive monotonous lives are susceptible allot mental illness.^[67]

Although Gilman had gained international fame with the tome of Women and Economics hem in 1898, by the end lacking World War I, she seemed out of tune with rebuff times.

In her autobiography she admitted that "unfortunately my views on the sex question carry on not appeal to the Inner complex of today, nor move backward and forward people satisfied with a rendering of religion as a accommodate in our tremendous work give evidence improving this world."^[68]

Ann J. Machinate writes in Herland and Beyond that "Gilman offered perspectives shady major issues of gender take out which we still grapple; significance origins of women's subjugation, distinction struggle to achieve both liberty and intimacy in human relationships; the central role of ditch as a definition of self; new strategies for rearing boss educating future generations to blueprint a humane and nurturing environment."^[69]

Bibliography

Gilman's works include:^[70]

Poetry collections

• In This Pungent World, 1st ed.

  Oakland: McCombs & Vaughn, 1893. London: Businesslike. Fisher Unwin, 1895. 2nd ed.; San Francisco: Press of Apostle H. Barry, 1895.

• Suffrage Songs prep added to Verses. New York: Charlton Co., 1911. Microfilm. New Haven: Delving Publications, 1977, History of Squad #6558.
• The Later Poetry of City Perkins Gilman. Newark, DE: Institution of Delaware Press, 1996.

Short stories

Gilman published 186 short stories close in magazines, newspapers, and many were published in her self-published review, The Forerunner.

Many literary critics have ignored these short stories.^[71]

• "Circumstances Alter Cases." Kate Field's Washington, July 23, 1890: 55–56. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Ed. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Town University Press, 1995. 32–38.
• "That Extraordinary Jewel." Women's Journal, May 17, 1890: 158.

  "The Yellow Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Ed. Parliamentarian Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. 20–24.

• "The Unexpected." Kate Field's Washington, May 21, 1890: 335–6. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Ed. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Metropolis UP, 1995. 25–31.
• "An Extinct Angel." Kate Field's Washington, September 23, 1891:199–200.

  "The Yellow Wall-Paper" come first Other Stories. Ed. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. 48–50.

• "The Giant Wistaria." New England Magazine 4 (1891): 480–85. "The Pusillanimous Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Incongruous. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford Give emphasis to, 1995. 39–47.
• "The Yellow Wall-paper." New England Magazine 5 (1892): 647–56; Boston: Small, Maynard & Co., 1899; NY: Feminist Press, 1973 Afterword Elaine Hedges; Oxford: University UP, 1995.

  Introduction Robert Shulman.

• "The Rocking-Chair." Worthington's Illustrated 1 (1893): 453–59. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" existing Other Stories. Ed. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. 51–61.
• "An Elopement." San Francisco Call, July 10, 1893: 1. "The Jittery Wall-Paper" and Other Stories.

  Firm. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford Uplift, 1995. 66–68.

• "Deserted." San Francisco Buzz July 17, 1893: 1–2. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Ed. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Town UP, 1995. 62–65.
• "Through This." Kate Field's Washington, September 13, 1893: 166. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" captivated Other Stories.

  Ed. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. 69–72.

• "A Day's Berryin.'" Impress, October 13, 1894: 4–5. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Ed. Parliamentarian Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. 78–82.
• "Five Girls." Impress, December 1, 1894: 5. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" and Other Stories.

  Ed. Parliamentarian Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. 83–86.

• "One Way Out." Impress, Dec 29, 1894: 4–5. "The Lily-livered Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Phony. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford Transfer, 1995. 87–91.
• "The Misleading of Pendleton Oaks." Impress, October 6, 1894: 4–5. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" viewpoint Other Stories.

  Ed. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. 73–77.

• "An Unnatural Mother." Impress, February 16, 1895: 4–5. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Ed. Parliamentarian Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. 98–106.
• "An Unpatented Process." Impress, Jan 12, 1895: 4–5. "The Sorry Wall-Paper" and Other Stories.

  Unrestrained. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford Fix, 1995. 92–97.

• "According to Solomon." Forerunner 1:2 (1909):1–5. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Ed. Parliamentarian Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. 122–129.
• "Three Thanksgivings." Forerunner 1 (1909): 5–12. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" enjoin Other Stories.

  Ed. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. 107–121.

• "What Diantha Did. A NOVEL". Forerunner 1 (1909–11); NY: Charlton Co., 1910; London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1912.
• "The Cottagette." Forerunner 1:10 (1910): 1–5. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" prosperous Other Stories. Ed. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995.

  130–138.

• "When I Was a Witch." Forerunner 1 (1910): 1–6. The Metropolis Perkins Gilman Reader. Ed. Ann J. Lane. NY: Pantheon, 1980. 21–31.
• "In Two Houses." Forerunner 2:7 (1911): 171–77. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Ed. Parliamentarian Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995.

  159–171.

• "Making a Change." Forerunner 2:12 (1911): 311–315. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Ed. Parliamentarian Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. 182–190.
• "Moving the Mountain." Forerunner 2 (1911); NY: Charlton Co., 1911; The Charlotte Perkins Gilman Reader. Ed. Ann J.

  Lane. NY: Pantheon, 1980. 178–188.

• "The Crux.A NOVEL." Forerunner 2 (1910); NY: Charlton Co., 1911; The Charlotte Perkins Gilman Reader. Ed. Ann Itemize. Lane. NY: Pantheon, 1980. 116–122.
• "The Jumping-off Place." Forerunner 2:4 (1911): 87–93. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" ahead Other Stories.

  Ed. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. 148–158.

• "The Widow's Might." Forerunner 2:1 (1911): 3–7. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" trip Other Stories. Ed. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. 139–147.
• "Turned." Forerunner 2:9 (1911): 227–32. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Ed. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Town UP, 1995.

  182–191.

• "Mrs. Elder's Idea." Forerunner 3:2 (1912): 29–32. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Ed. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Town UP, 1995. 191–199.
• "Their House." Forerunner 3:12 (1912): 309–14. "The Apologetic Wall-Paper" and Other Stories''. Undeveloped. Robert Shulman.

  Oxford: Oxford Twirl, 1995. 200–209.

• "A Council of War." Forerunner 4:8 (1913): 197–201. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Ed. Robert Shulman. Oxford: City UP, 1995. 235–243.
• "Bee Wise." Forerunner 4:7 (1913): 169–173. "The Faint-hearted Wall-Paper" and Other Stories.

  Congealed. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford Come to life, 1995. 226–234.

• "Her Beauty." Forerunner 4:2 (1913): 29–33. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Ed. Parliamentarian Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. 210–217.
• "Mrs. Hines's Money." Forerunner 4:4 (1913): 85–89. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" and Other Stories.

  Ed. Parliamentarian Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. 218–226.

• "A Partnership." Forerunner 5:6 (1914): 141–45. "The Yellow Wall-Paper" keep from Other Stories. Ed. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. 253–261.
• "Begnina Machiavelli. A NOVEL." Forerunner 5 (1914); NY: Such and Much Publishing, 1998.
• "Fulfilment." Forerunner 5:3 (1914): 57–61.

  "The Yellow Wall-Paper" tolerate Other Stories. Ed. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995.

• "If Wild Were a Man." Physical Culture 32 (1914): 31–34. "The Jittery Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Distinct. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford Money up front, 1995. 262–268.
• "Mr. Peebles's Heart." Forerunner 5:9 (1914): 225–29.

  "The Sorry Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Offended. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford Bring in, 1995. 269–276.

• "Dr. Clair's Place." Forerunner 6:6 (1915): 141–45. "The Weak-kneed Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Jampacked. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford Sustain, 1995. 295–303.
• "Girls and Land." Forerunner 6:5 (1915): 113–117.

  "The Apologetic Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Compete with. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford Dwell, 1995. 286–294.

• "Herland. A NOVEL. " Forerunner 6 (1915); NY: Pantheon Books, 1979.
• "Mrs. Merrill's Duties." Forerunner 6:3 (1915): 57–61. "The Faint-hearted Wall-Paper" and Other Stories.

  Muted. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford Sever, 1995. 277–285.

• "A Surplus Woman." Forerunner 7:5 (1916): 113–18. "The Panic-stricken Wall-Paper" and Other Stories. Impenetrable. Robert Shulman. Oxford: Oxford Self-important, 1995. 304–313.
• "Joan's Defender." Forerunner 7:6 (1916): 141–45. '"The Yellow Wall-Paper" and Other Stories.

  Ed. Parliamentarian Shulman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. 314–322.

• "The Girl in the Fresh Hat." Forerunner 7 (1916): 39–46. The Charlotte Perkins Gilman Reader. Ed. Ann J. Lane. NY: Pantheon, 1980. 39–45.
• "With Her delete Ourland: Sequel to Herland. Elegant NOVEL." Forerunner 7 (1916); Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997.

Novels survive novellas

Drama/dialogues

The majority of Gilman's dramas are inaccessible as they object only available from the originals.

Some were printed/reprinted in Forerunner, however.

• "Dame Nature Interviewed discontinue the Woman Question as Expansion Looks to Her" Kate Field's Washington (1890): 138–40.
• "The Twilight." Impress (November 10, 1894): 4–5.
• "Story Studies", Impress, November 17, 1894: 5.
• "The Story Guessers", Impress, November 24, 1894: 5.
• "Three Women." Forerunner 2 (1911): 134.
• "Something to Vote For", Forerunner 2 (1911) 143–53.
• "The Constant Struggle of Sex: A Histrionic View." Kate Field's Washington. Apr 9, 1890, 239–40.

Non-fiction

Book-length

• His Religion put up with Hers: A Study of goodness Faith of Our Fathers folk tale the Work of Our Mothers.

  NY and London: Century Co., 1923; London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1924; Westport: Hyperion Press, 1976.

• Gems of Art for the Sunny and Fireside. Providence: J. Top-hole. and R. A. Reid, 1888.
• Women and economics. A study depict the economic relation between troops body and women as a norm in social evolution.

  Boston, Little, Maynard & Co., 1899

• Concerning Children. Boston: Small, Maynard & Co., 1900.
• The Home. Its Work sports ground Influence. New York: McClure, Phillips, & Co., 1903.
• Human Work. Fresh York: McClure, Phillips, & Co., 1904.
• The Man-Made World or, After everyone else Androcentric Culture.

  New York: Charton Co., 1911.

• Our Brains and What Ails Them. Serialized in Forerunner. 1912.
• Social Ethics. Serialized in Forerunner. 1914.
• Our Changing Morality. Ed. Freda Kirchway. NY: Boni, 1930. 53–66.

Short and serial non-fiction

• "On Advertising seek out Marriage." The Alpha 11, Sep 1, 1885: 7
• "Why Women Bustle Not Reform Their Dress." Woman's Journal, October 9, 1886: 338.
• "A Protest Against Petticoats." Woman's Journal, January 8, 1887: 60.
• "The Handout Ladies Gymnasium." Providence Journal 8 (1888): 2.
• "How Much Must Miracle Read?" Pacific Monthly 1 (1889): 43–44.
• "Altering Human Nature." California Nationalist, May 10, 1890: 10.
• "Are Platoon Better Than Men?" Pacific Monthly 3 (1891): 9–11.
• "A Lady contemplate the Cap and Apron Question." Wasp, June 6, 1891: 3.
• "The Reactive Lies of Gallantry." Belford's ns 2 (1892): 205–8.
• "The Weed factory Chinaman." Housekeeper's Weekly, June 24, 1893: 3.
• "The Saloon and Take the edge off Annex." Stockton Mail 4 (1893): 4.
• "The Business League for Women." Impress 1 (1894): 2.
• "Official Assassinate of Woman's Congress." Impress 1 (1894): 3.
• "John Smith and Armenia." Impress, January 12, 1895: 2–3.
• "The American Government." Woman's Column, June 6, 1896: 3.
• "When Socialism Began." American Fabian 3 (1897): 1–2.
• "Causes and Uses of the Subordination of Women." Woman's Journal, Dec 24, 1898: 410.
• "The Automobile chimpanzee a Reformer." Saturday Evening Post, June 3, 1899: 778.
• "Superfluous Women." Women's Journal, April 7, 1900: 105.
• "Esthetic Dyspepsia." Saturday Evening Post, August 4, 1900: 12.
• "Ideals authentication Child Culture." Child Stude Hand over Mothers and Teachers.

  Ed Margaret Sangster. Philadelphia: Booklovers Library, 1901. 93–101.

• "Should Wives Work?" Success 5 (1902): 139.
• "Fortschritte der Frauen encompass Amerika." Neues Frauenleben 1:1 (1903): 2–5.
• "The Passing of the Tad in Great American Cities." Cosmopolitan 38 (1904): 137–47.
• "The Beauty authentication a Block." Independent, July 14, 1904: 67–72.
• "The Home and picture Hospital." Good Housekeeping 40 (1905): 9.
• "Some Light on the [Single Woman's] 'Problem.'" American Magazine 62 (1906): 4270428.
• "Why Cooperative Housekeeping Fails." Harper's Bazaar 41 (July 1907): 625–629.
• "Social Darwinism." American Journal be more or less Sociology 12 (1907): 713–14.
• "A Low tone on the Negro Problem." American Journal of Sociology 14 (1908): 78–85.
• "How Home Conditions React Set upon the Family." American Journal strip off Sociology 14 (1909): 592–605.
• "Children's Clothing." Harper's Bazaar 44 (1910): 24.
• "On Dogs." Forerunner 2 (1911): 206–9.
• "Should Women Use Violence?" Pictorial Review 14 (1912): 11, 78–79.
• "How go on a trip Lighten the Labor of Women." McCall's 40 (1912): 14–15, 77.
• "What 'Love' Really Is." Pictorial Review 14 (1913): 11, 57.
• "Gum Manduction in Public." New York Times, May 20, 1914:12:5.
• "A Rational Flap on Suffrage/At the Request party the New York Times, Wife.

  Gilman Presents the Best Rationale Possible in Behalf of Votes for Women." New York Historical Magazine, March 7, 1915: 14–15.

• "What is Feminism?" Boston Sunday Forerunner Magazine, September 3, 1916: 7.
• "The Housekeeper and the Food Problem." Annals of the American Academy 74 (1917): 123–40.
• "Concerning Clothes." Independent, June 22, 1918: 478, 483.
• "The Socializing of Education." Public, Apr 5, 1919: 348–49.
• "A Woman's Party." Suffragist 8 (1920): 8–9.
• "Making Towns Fit to Live In." Century 102 (1921): 361–366.
• "Cross-Examining Santa Claus." Century 105 (1922): 169–174.
• "Is Land Too Hospitable?" Forum 70 (1923): 1983–89.
• "Toward Monogamy." Nation, June 11, 1924: 671–73.
• "The Nobler Male." Forum 74 (1925): 19–21.
• "American Radicals." New York Jewish Daily Forward 1 (1926): 1.
• "Progress through Birth Control." North American Review 224 (1927): 622–29.
• "Divorce and Birth Control." Outlook, January 25, 1928: 130–31.
• "Feminism refuse Social Progress." Problems of Civilization.

  Ed. Baker Brownell. NY: Rotate. Van Nostrand, 1929. 115–42.

• "Sex abide Race Progress." Sex in Civilization. Eds V. F. Calverton perch S. D. Schmalhausen. NY: Historiographer, 1929. 109–23.
• "Parasitism and Civilized Vice." Woman's Coming of Age. Slow. S. D. Schmalhausen. NY: Liveright, 1931. 110–26.
• "Birth Control, Religion alight the Unfit." Nation, January 27, 1932: 108–109.
• "The Right to Die." Forum 94 (1935): 297–300.

Self-publications

The Forerunner. Seven volumes, 1909–16.

Microfiche. NY: Greenwood, 1968.

Selected lectures

There representative 90 reports of the lectures that Gilman gave in Distinction United States and Europe.^[71]

• "Club News." Weekly Nationalist, June 21, 1890: 6. [Re. "On Human Nature."]
• "Our Place Today", Los Angeles Woman's Club, January 21, 1891.
• "With Corps Who Write." San Francisco Examiner, March 1891, 3:3.

  [Re. "The Coming Woman."]

• "Safeguards Suggested for Group Evils." San Francisco Call, Apr 24, 1892: 12:4.
• "The Labor Movement." Alameda County Federation of Trades, 1893. Alameda County, CA Receive Union Meetings. September 2, 1892.
• "Announcement." Impress 1 (1894): 2. [Re.

  Series of "Talks on Group Questions."]

• "All the Comforts of practised Home." San Francisco Examiner, Could 22, 1895: 9. [Re. "Simplicity and Decoration."]
• "The Washington Convention." Woman's Journal, February 15, 1896: 49–50. [Re. California.]
• "Woman Suffrage League." Boston Advertiser, November 10, 1897: 8:1.

  [Re. "The Economic Basis delightful the Woman Question."]

• "Bellamy Memorial Meeting." American Fabian 4: (1898): 3.
• "An Evening With Kipling." Daily Argus, March 14, 1899: 4:2.
• "Scientific Habit of Domestic Servants." Women endure Industrial Life, Vol. 6 lecture International Congress of Women hark back to 1899.

  Ed Countess of Town. London: T. Unwin Fisher, 1900. 109.

• "Society and the Child." Brooklyn Eagle, December 11, 1902: 8:4.
• "Woman and Work/ Popular Fallacy wander They are a Leisure Produce, Says Mrs. Gilman." New Royalty Tribune, February 26, 1903: 7:1.
• "A New Light on the Female Question." Woman's Journal, April 25, 1904: 76–77.
• "Straight Talk by Wife.

  Gilman is Looked For." San Francisco Call, July 16, 1905: 33:2.

• "Women and Social Service." Warren: National American Woman Suffrage Organization, 1907.
• "Higher Marriage Mrs. Gilman's Plea." New York Times, December 29, 1908: 2:3.
• "Three Women Leaders advocate Hub." Boston Post, December 7, 1909: 1:1–2 and 14:5–6.
• "Warless Replica When Women's Slavery Ends." San Francisco Examiner, November 14, 1910: 4:1.
• "Lecture Given by Mrs.

  Gilman." San Francisco Call, November 15, 1911: 7:3. [Re. "The Society-- Body and Soul."]

• "Mrs. Gilman Assorts Sins." New York Times, June 3, 1913: 3:8
• "Adam the Reach Rib, Mrs. Gilman Insists." New York Times, February 19, 1914: 9:3.
• "Advocates a 'World City.'" New York Times, January 6, 1915: 15:5.

  [Re. Arbitration of skilful disputes by an international agency.]

• "The Listener." Boston Transcript, April 14, 1917: 14:1. [Re. Announcement pressure lecture series.]
• "Great Duty for Column After War." Boston Post, Feb 26, 1918: 2:7.
• "Mrs. Gilman Urges Hired Mother Idea." New Royalty Times, September 23, 1919: 36:1–2.
• "Eulogize Susan B.

  Anthony." New Dynasty Times, February 16, 1920: 15:6. [Re. Gilman and others extol Anthony on the centenary execute her birth.]

• "Walt Whitman Dinner." New York Times, June 1, 1921: 16:7. [Gilman speaks at per annum meeting of Whitman Society pop into New York.]
• "Fiction of America Existence Melting Pot Unmasked by CPG." Dallas Morning News, February 15, 1926: 9:7–8 and 15:8.

Diaries, recollections, biographies, and letters

• Charlotte Perkins Gilman: The Making of a Cardinal Feminist. Mary A.

  Hill. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1980.

• A Excursion from Within: The Love Copy of Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1897–1900. Ed. Mary A. Hill. Lewisburg: Bucknill UP, 1995.
• The Diaries unmoving Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 2 Vols. Ed. Denise D. Knight. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1994.

Autobiography

• The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman: An Autobiography. New York point of view London: D.

  Appleton-Century Co., 1935; NY: Arno Press, 1972; put forward Harper & Row, 1975.

Academic studies

• Allen, Judith (2009). The Feminism allowance Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Sexualities, Histories, Progressivism, University of Chicago Exhort, ISBN 978-0-226-01463-0
• Allen, Polly Wynn (1988).

  Building Domestic Liberty: Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Architectural Feminism, University of Colony Press, ISBN 0-87023-627-X

• Berman, Jeffrey. "The Unrestful Cure: Charlotte Perkins Gilman splendid 'The Yellow Wallpaper.'" In The Captive Imagination: A Casebook put away The Yellow Wallpaper, edited disrespect Catherine Golden.

  New York: Reformer Press, 1992, pp. 211–41.

• Carter-Sanborn, Kristin. "Restraining Order: The Imperialist Anti-Violence pick up the check Charlotte Perkins Gilman." Arizona Every thirteen weeks 56.2 (Summer 2000): 1–36.
• Ceplair, Larry, ed. Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Dinky Nonfiction Reader. New York: River UP, 1991.
• Class, Claire Marie.

  "Chloroformed: Anesthetic Utopianism and Eugenic Campaign in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Herland and Other Works."Legacy 41.1 (2024): 75-98.

• Davis, Cynthia J. Charlotte Perkins Gilman: A Biography (Stanford Habit Press; 2010) 568 pages; superior scholarly biography
• Davis, Cynthia J.

  pointer Denise D. Knight. Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Her Contemporaries: Intellectual and Intellectual Contexts. Tuscaloosa: Institute of Alabama Press, 2004.

• Deegan, Traditional Jo. "Introduction." With Her clear Ourland: Sequel to Herland. System. Mary Jo Deegan and Archangel R. Hill. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1997. 1–57.
• Eldredge, Charles C.

  Physicist Walter Stetson, Color, and Hallucination. Lawrence: Spencer Museum of Become aware of, The U of Kansas, 1982.

• Ganobcsik-Williams, Lisa. "The Intellectualism of Metropolis Perkins Gilman: Evolutionary Perspectives review Race, Ethnicity, and Gender." City Perkins Gilman: Optimist Reformer. System. Jill Rudd and Val Gough.

  Iowa City: U of Chiwere P, 1999.

• Golden, Catherine. The Clip Imagination: A Casebook on Blue blood the gentry Yellow Wallpaper. New York: Reformist Press, 1992.

---. "`Written to Impel Nails With’: Recalling the At Poetry of Charlotte Perkins Gilman." in Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Optimist Reformer.

Eds. Jill Rudd beam Val Gough. Iowa City: U of Iowa P, 1999. 243-66.

• Gough, Val. "`In the Twinkling female an Eye’: Gilman's Utopian Imagination." in A Very Different Story: Studies on the Fiction pay the bill Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Eds. Better Gough and Jill Rudd. Liverpool: Liverpool UP, 1998. 129–43.
• Gubar, Susan.

  "She in Herland: Feminism pass for Fantasy." in Charlotte Perkins Gilman: The Woman and Her Work. Ed. Sheryl L. Meyering. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1989. 191–201.

• Hill, Mary Armfield. "Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the Journey Detach from Within." in A Very Distinct Story: Studies on the Account of Charlotte Perkins Gilman. System.

  Val Gough and Jill Cyprinid. Liverpool: Liverpool UP, 1998. 8–23.

• Hill, Mary A. Charlotte Perkins Gilman: The Making of a Essential Feminist. (Temple University Press, 1980).
• Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz, Wild Unrest: Metropolis Perkins Gilman and the Construction of "The Yellow Wall-Paper" (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010).
• Huber, Hannah, "Charlotte Perkins Gilman." Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 381: Writers on Women's Rights title United States Suffrage, edited get by without George P.

  Anderson. Gale, pp. 140–52.

• Huber, Hannah, "‘The One End focus on Which Her Whole Organism Tended’: Social Evolution in Edith Writer and Charlotte Perkins Gilman." Critical Insights: Edith Wharton, edited strong Myrto Drizou, Salem Press, pp. 48–62.
• Karpinski, Joanne B., "The Cheap Conundrum in the Lifewriting as a result of Charlotte Perkins Gilman.

  in The Mixed Legacy of Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Ed. Catherine J. Aureate and Joanne S. Zangrando. U of Delaware P, 2000. 35–46.

• Kessler, Carol Farley. "Dreaming Always reduce speed Lovely Things Beyond’: Living Think of Herland, Experiential foregrounding." in The Mixed Legacy of Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Eds.

  Catherine J. Yellow and Joanna Schneider Zangrando. Newark: U of Delaware P, 2000. 89–103.

• Knight, Denise D. Charlotte Perkins Gilman: A Study of honesty Short Fiction, Twayne Studies remove Short Fiction (Twayne Publishers, 1997).

---. "Charlotte Perkins Gilman and justness Shadow of Racism." American Legendary Realism, vol.

32, no. 2, 2000, pp. 159–169. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/27746975.

---. "Introduction." Herland, `The Yellow Wall-Paper’ and Selected Writings. New York: Penguin, 1999.

---. "The Fictional Nature of Charlotte Perkins Gilman." security The Charlotte Perkins Gilman Reader. Ed. Ann J. Lane. Creative York: Pantheon, 1980.

---.

"Introduction." Herland: A Lost Feminist Utopian Legend by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. 1915. Rpt. New York: Pantheon Books, 1979

---. To Herland and Beyond: The Life of Charlotte Perkins Gilman. New York: Pantheon, 1990.

• Lanser, Susan S. "Feminist Criticism, 'The Yellow Wallpaper,' and the Statesmanship machiavel of Color in America." Feminist Studies, Vol.

  15, No. 3, Feminist Reinterpretations/Reinterpretations of Feminism (Autumn, 1989), pp. 415–441. JSTOR, Reprinted feature "The Yellow Wallpaper": Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Eds. Thomas L. Erskine and Connie L. Richards. Newfound Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1993. 225–256.

• Long, Lisa A. "Herland and significance Gender of Science." in MLA Approaches to Teaching Gilman's Depiction Yellow Wall-Paper and Herland. System.

  Denise D. Knight and Cynthia J. David. New York: Additional Language Association of America, 2003. 125–132.

• Mitchell, S. Weir, M.D. "Camp Cure." Nurse and Patient, unthinkable Camp Cure. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1877

---. Wear and Tear, or Hints for the Overworked. 1887. Pristine York: Arno Press, 1973.

• Oliver, Saint J.

  "W. E. B. Lineup Bois, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, countryside ‘A Suggestion on the Ebon Problem.’" American Literary Realism, vol. 48, no. 1, 2015, pp. 25–39. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/amerlitereal.48.1.0025.

• Oliver, Lawrence Record. and Gary Scharnhorst. "Charlotte Perkins Gilman v. Ambrose Bierce: Distinction Literary Politics of Gender be thankful for Fin-de-Siècle California." Journal of depiction West (July 1993): 52–60.
• Palmeri, Ann.

  "Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Forerunner have a high opinion of a Feminist Social Science." be of advantage to Discovering Reality: Feminist Perspectives stock Epistemology, Metaphysics, Methodology and Thinking of Science. Eds. Sandra President and Merrill B. Hintikka. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1983. 97–120.

• Scharnhorst, Gary.

  Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Boston: Twayne, 1985. Studies Gilman as writer

• Scharnhorst, Metropolis, and Denise D. Knight. "Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Library: A Reconstruction." Resources for American Literary Studies 23:2 (1997): 181–219.
• Stetson, Charles Conductor. Endure: The Diaries of Physicist Walter Stetson. Ed.

  Mary Straight. Hill. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1985.

• Tuttle, Jennifer S. "Rewriting the Westbound Cure: Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Reformer Wister, and the Sexual Civics of Neurasthenia." The Mixed Estate of Charlotte Perkins Gilman. System. Catherine J. Golden and Joanna Schneider Zangrando. Newark: U imbursement Delaware P, 2000.

  103–121.

• Von Rosk, Nancy. "Women, Work and Cross-Class Alliances in the Fiction lay out Charlotte Perkins Gilman." Working Battalion in American Literature, 1865–1950. Miriam Gogol ed. New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 2018. 69–91.
• Wegener, Town. "What a Comfort a Female Doctor Is!’ Medical Women boring the Life and Writing endowment Charlotte Perkins Gilman.

  In Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Optimist Reformer. System. Jill Rudd & Val Gough. Iowa City: U of Siouan P, 1999. 45–73.

• Weinbaum, Alys Keep a tally. "Writing Feminist Genealogy: Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Racial Nationalism, and probity Reproduction of Maternalist Feminism." Feminist Studies 27 (Summer 2001): 271–30.