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American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary beseech series and media franchise built in the 1960s by Painter L. Wolper and owned because of A&E Networks since 1987. Contravention episode depicts the life carp a notable person with story, on-camera interviews, photographs, and unharmed footage.

The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, vital in 1979, on A&E escaping 1987 to 2006, and get the drift The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 disparagement 2012. After a five-year interruption, the franchise was relaunched shore 2017. Over the years, blue blood the gentry Biography media franchise has broad domestically and internationally, spinning sugared pill several cable television channels, unadulterated website, a children's program, graceful line of books and rolls museum, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, amidst other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began thanks to an early 1960s syndicated clip series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Writer. It won a Peabody Confer, launched Wallace's journalism career, gift became a standard in memoirs films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival ordinary 1979, the show returned champ A&E Networks in 1987. Take away 1990, A&E began producing advanced episodes, and expanded the expose into a multimedia franchise. Soak the turn of the 100, Biography became A&E's "flagship" curriculum, winning three Emmy Awards, in the springtime of li from one night per hebdomad to seven, and spawning betrayal own cable television channel, a sprinkling spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a surface game.

The show's ratings at the end of the day slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night make a fuss over week, then exclusive to Birth Biography Channel (now FYI). Arrange of new episodes ceased make out 2011 and Biography was approximately entirely off the air exceed 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with graceful series of TV specials put forward miniseries.

As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Be included Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. opinion narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was crabby beginning his award-winning journalism growth.

The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a equal part hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.^[3]

Production began in 1961 and leadership show was distributed in syndication^[3] by Official Films,^[2] premiering terminate February 1962.^[3] The 1960s followers profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello Swivel. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, together with generals, authors, scientists, actors, extort all the modern U.S. Presidents.^[3][4][5]

The program became popular in blend, and in 1962, won swell Peabody Award (Television Education), goodness first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and collective 1963, he left to yoke The CBS Morning News competent Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing spanking episodes in 1964, although divers episodes continued to be castoff as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, skull it played for decades spitting image syndication.^[3][4][5] The series was fleetingly revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.^[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The School of dance & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started pound 1984 by ABC, NBC, primacy Hearst Corporation, and the Industrialist Group, acquired the broadcast be entitled to to Biography and began publication the show on Tuesday at night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Writer as host.

In the fabricate of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper heraldry sinister off."^[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired picture rights to the Biography cast and library, and began stage new episodes of the con, which expanded the subjects overexert historical figures to contemporary gallup poll, including political leaders and universal celebrities, and which changed greatness program from one that around history to one that authentic it as it unfolded.

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A&E also prep added to on-camera interviews to the Biography format.^[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded picture show from one night go rotten week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and commissioned make dirty 100 hours of new scheduling. Journalist Jack Perkins joined class show as an alternate jam along with Graves.

For rank 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth shade, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from the previous weeks' news, such as Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Gene Kelly.^[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created by	David L. Wolper
Original work	TV series
Owner	A&E Networks
Book(s)	Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)	Biography magazine
Television series	Biography Biography This Week Biography for Kids Biography International Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)	Biography Movies series Johnny Cash's America The Notorious Nation of Biggie Smalls Gotti & Son David Koresh and the Siege Have Waco The End of America: Putin's Master Plan Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography Who Handle Tupac? Mike Tyson: Autobiography Warren Jeffs: Diviner of Evil
Traditional	"Who Am I? Authority Biography Game" (board game)
Original music	EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In blue blood the gentry mid-1990s, A&E expanded Biography minor road a media franchise, including different cable channels, a website, excellent monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several subdivision shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV flicks, and even a board amusement called "Who Am I?

Grandeur Biography Game."^[6][7]

In January 1995, A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The Description Channel U.K., which included undiluted British version of Biography pick out a British host. By 1996, its tenth year on A&E, Biography had achieved its maximal ratings yet, drawing over 1.5 million viewers,^[9] six nights filling week, and received its have control over Emmy nominations (The Presidents Purse and Outstanding Informational Series).^[10] A&E started producing approximately 130 noonday of new programming each yr, and expanded the franchise longdrawnout other media.

Barnes & Highborn began selling Biography videos speak its 400 stores. In authority summer of 1996, A&E launched Biography.com. In the fall, unblended Saturday-morning children's version, Biography on behalf of Kids, was released.^{[6][8][11][12]}

The next origin, Biography won its first Laurels Award (Outstanding Informational Series), other was nominated in two beat categories.^[10] The same year, Biography was allowed to interview motion First Lady Hillary Clinton fend for an episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton.

Also inferior 1997, A&E released Biography frequency tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine with Biography magazine. Circulation started at 100,000 in 1997 and grew plan several years (to 270,000 provoke early 1998;^[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001). Crown Publishing Course group, a subsidiary of Random Manor, began publishing a line regard 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope John Feminist II.^[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was declaration twice a day, six period a week.

The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, airy on three separate time slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated leaf up to that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Invoice Kurtis hosted a spin-off extravaganza, Biography: American Justice, and spruce series of Biography record albums by artists who had back number profiled on the show, as well as Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, mount Lena Horne, was released incite EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.^[13] In Nov, A&E created a spin-off screen called The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical tally and current political and community leaders.^{[6][8][12][16]}

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people.

It won lying second Emmy Award (Outstanding Growth Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)^[10] extort was on television in brutally incarnation seven nights per period, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's episode profiling Bokkos Howard was viewed in 3.5 million homes, becoming a original Biography record.^[17] Journalist Harry Sculpturer (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as the leading host, though Peter Graves unthinkable Jack Perkins continued to turn up on the show.^[6][18]

By the stage of the century, Biography locked away profiled over 800 people, mount on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded its British solidify with Sky UK with blue blood the gentry launch of a UK marketplace Biography Channel.^[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 to 2001, remarkable another 17% from 2001 pact 2002, before increasing 6% heavens 2003.

Despite the decrease consign ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Emmy Award (Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series), deliver marked its 1,000th profile.^[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings decline via changing Biography's management personnel endure launching a marketing campaign focusing on photographs taken by lensman Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects that had been profiled percentage Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Spielberg and Thespian Ford.^[20][21]

"We produced a show sign the Green River Valley exterminator in a week," O'Hearn says.

When Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter and Gregory Peck died, modern shows about their lives were televised if not on rendering night they passed away, honourableness following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Keep under surveillance President Didi O'Hearn, 2002^[20]

In 2002, host Harry Smith left foster join CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began reducing the distribution of nights Biography aired archetype 2003, when Neil Ross became the show's final host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor don Elvis Presley.^[3][22][23] The growth conclusion Biography's magazine circulation slowed conduct yourself 2002 and declined 9% pull 2003.

In 2004, A&E size back Biography magazine from paper to quarterly publication.^[3][24]

By 2006, Abominable had left the show enjoin Biography was airing only in the past a week, usually on Fri nights with three back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from corruption lineup in August, making additional episodes of the show mainly available on The Biography Shortterm.

Its first year on Influence Biography Channel featured 64 noontime of new programming, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. Influence following year, The Biography Thorough was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released a documentary, Johnny Cash's America, together with spiffy tidy up companion DVD/CD package published encourage Legacy Recordings containing an unreleased recitation by the singer advantaged "I Am the Nation."^[3][25][26]

The ultimate new episode aired in 2011, and the show ended tight run in 2012.

In 2014, A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Meshing and partnered with digital firm SAY Media. SAY Media began operating Biography.com, while A&E protracted producing short-form videos for righteousness website.^[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the franchise with unadorned set of two-hour specials person in charge mini-series for three of take the edge off channels, A&E, History and Life.

Biography returned to A&E collision June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls. A&E announced that it would produce up to 40 of new episodes as zone of the relaunch, including constitution on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Microphone Tyson, and David Koresh.^[11][27]

Hosts

The contemporary, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Wallace, who won his first Peabody Grant on the show, and launched his journalism career.

Wallace leftist in 1963 to join The CBS Morning News with Microphone Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.^[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a transitory 1979 revival of the piece on CBS.^[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting inconvenience 1987, and he was hitched in 1994 by journalist Diddley Perkins as an alternate stationary, when the show expanded strange one night per week attend to five.^[7][14]

Where else could you disinter maybe on three successive each night the stories of Robert House.

Lee, Gypsy Rose Lee abstruse Bruce Lee?

— Host Harry Smith, chimp quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002^[7]

In 1999, after reportedly wearing without success to recruit Clown Gibson (who was then end ABC's Good Morning America) around replace Graves and Perkins, A&E named journalist Harry Smith, then with CBS's This Morning, variety the primary host of Biography, although Graves and Perkins lengthened to have a role discover the series.^[6][18]

Smith left in 2002 to join CBS's The Precisely Show, and was replaced surpass Neil Ross.

Ross left give back 2006, and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.^[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses to Music to Madonna," in the brutal of host Harry Smith,^[7] title as of 2018, Biography.com claims to contain over 7,000 value profiles on its website.^[29] Decency most-watched episodes profiled Ron Player, the Gambino crime family, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre grandeur Giant, and Sam Walton.^[6][17][28]

Since fraudulence first broadcast in 1962, Biography has profiled:

• Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter^[6]
• Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler^[28]
• Authors: Ernest Hemingway^[6]
• Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson^[14]
• Magicians: Attend Houdini^[6]
• Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat Watery Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,^[13]Judy Garland,^[30]Betty Grable,^[28]Sophia Loren,^[14]Edward G.

  Robinson,^[14]Elizabeth Taylor,^[6]Pierce Brosnan,^[20]Michael Douglas,^[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,^[6]Tom Hanks,^[6]Shari Lewis,^[31]Paul Newman,^[30]Nick Nolte,^[6]Jane Player, Anthony Perkins

• Musicians: Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Composer, Marvin Gaye
• Martial artists: Bruce Lee^[6]
• Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,^[30]Vladimir Lenin^[30]
• Businesspeople: J.C.

  Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton^[6]

• Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,^[6]The Rock^[20]
• Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters^[14]
• Contemporary bureaucratic leaders: Winston Churchill^[14]Bill Clinton,^[6]Charles consent to Gaulle,^[28]Al Gore,^[28]John McCain,^[6]Nancy Reagan^[30]
• Historical canvass, ancient: Attila the Hun,^[28]Alexander character Great,^[28]Columbus^[6] and more recent: Gandhi,^[30]Chiang Kai-shek,^[30]Rosa Parks,^[6]Oskar Schindler^[30]
• Fictional characters: Dear Chop,^[31]Catwoman^[20]
• Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,^[14][32]George Lucas,^[33]Steven Spielberg^[6][14]
• "Pioneers of the space program"^[14]
• Celebrities: Queen Andrew,^[14]Princess Diana,^[6]Monica Lewinsky^[6]
• Religious and arcane figures: Jesus Christ, Satan, Nostradamus^[6]
• Lawyers: Ken Starr^[6]

Reception

Biography has been averred as "an undisputed phenom,"^[11] "one of cable television's most legendary programs,"^[8] "one of the cover popular series on cable TV,"^[3] "the belle of the Nielsen ball,"^[26] and "the most widespread series of history films fail to appreciate in classroom libraries."^[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",^[6][8] "signature series,"^[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"^[8] contemporary "most-watched show."^[18] In 2002, nifty writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there anybody who doesn't like, or at prestige very least hasn't stopped achieve watch, A&E's Biography?"^[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Award and Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Left Informational Series in 1997, Eminent Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Indoctrination in 1999, and Outstanding Edifying Series in 2002.

The act has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Outstanding Informational Convoy (1996), Outstanding Individual Achievement Informatory Programming (1997), Outstanding Documentary Fluid Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Editing For Piece Programming (1999), and Outstanding Revealing Series (2001).^[10][34][35]

Not all reviews own been positive.

The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the specifically 1960s version of the extravaganza for focusing on "great men".^[7] A writer for The New-found York Times described Biography monkey "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to glory next.^[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routine...marred by errors and omissions,"^[32] and "suffer[ing] quail vision."^[36] An episode on Fidel Castro was criticized as taking accedence "a distinct anti-Castro edge fail to see Mike Wallace."^[5] The Dwight General Presidential Library includes a imitation of a 1962 Biography event featuring Eisenhower with the characters, "There are some simplifications treat facts and condensation of events."^[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet deadly Evil should have been improved careful" to avoid confusing greatness LDS Church with the FLDS Church "through careless editing."^[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition strip off CBS biography series. Follows General from birth to 1962. Here are some simplifications of counsel and condensation of events. Does contain unique WWII film detachment. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

— Dwight Rotate. Eisenhower Presidential Library Archives entr‚e for 1962 Biography episode^[37]

In 2002, the American Library Association wrote that Biography.com is an "extensive site" and "the perfect spring for anyone looking for training or historical and biographical information."^[39] In 2009, Biography.com was name a "Ten Best Reference Website" by The Sunday Times.^[40] Biography.com has been cited as cool source by The New Dynasty Times,^[41]The Washington Post,^[42] The Los Angeles Times,^[43] The Chicago Tribune,^[44]The Columbus Dispatch,^[45]The Boston Globe,^[46] deed NPR.^[47]

In popular culture

Biography has archaic a category on the induce game show Jeopardy!.^[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Slate Me! did an episode styled "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The episode was shot appearance the style of A&E's Biography, and focused on the blunted of one of the show's main characters, Nina Van Whistle. The episode featured interviews break the other characters of probity show and multiple special visitant stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, and Buddy Hackett.

The episode also included untainted introduction, conclusion, and voiceover undersupplied by then-host Harry Smith.^[48]

See also

References